各个国家都将大力支持区块链发展 | 中英文谈区块链

IN THE hills overlooking Tbilisi, Georgia’s capital, sits a nondescript building housing rows of humming computer servers. The data centre, operated by the BitFury Group, a technology company, was built to “mine” (cryptographically generate) bitcoin, the digital currency. But now it also uses the technology underlying bitcoin, called the “blockchain”, to help secure Georgian government records. Experts are eyeing the experiment for proof of whether blockchain technology could alter the infrastructure of government everywhere.

在格鲁吉亚首都第比利斯远处的小山上，在一栋不起眼的建筑里，有一排排的电脑服务器发出嗡鸣声。这是技术公司BitFury Group运营的数据中心，用来“挖”（加密生成）数字货币——比特币。但是，现在它也使用了被称为“区块链”的比特币技术来保障格鲁吉亚政府文件的安全。一些专家观察实验，以证明区块链技术是否可以改变政府的基础设施。

While the blockchain originally sought a foothold in financial services, and digital currencies attracted early attention from investors, now interest in using the technology in the public sector is growing. Brian Forde, a blockchain expert at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, argues that governments will drive its adoption—an ironic twist for something that began as a libertarian counter model to centralised authority. Backers say it can be used for land registries, identity-management systems, health-care records and even elections.

区块链技术最初是为了在金融服务方面寻求立足点，同时数字货币很早就吸引了投资者的关注，如今，公共部门对该技术越来越有兴趣。麻省理工学院的区块链专家布莱恩·福德（Brian Forde）认为，各国政府将推动区块链技术的应用——这个转折颇具有讽刺意味，因为区块链最早是以自由主义形态反对中央集权模式的。支持者表示，它可以用于土地登记，身份管理系统，保健记录甚至选举。

The blockchain and similar distributed ledgers are databases that are not maintained by a single entity, such as a bank or government agency, but collectively by a number of their users. All changes are encrypted in such a way that they cannot be altered or deleted without leaving a record of the data’s earlier state. In theory, all sorts of information, from birth records to business transactions, can be baked into a blockchain, creating permanent and secure records which cannot be tampered with, for instance by corrupt officials.

区块链和其他类似的分布式账本不是由单一实体（如银行或政府机构）维护的数据库，而是由多个用户共同维护的数据库。所有的改动都是加密的，任何更改或删除都会在数据上留下状态记录。理论上，从出生记录到商业交易的各种信息可以进入区块链进行保存，无法篡改，创建永久和安全的记录。

Valery Vavilov, BitFury’s head, says blockchains are not merely a business opportunity, but a way to change how governments serve their citizens. Born in Latvia, Mr Vavilov watched as his parents “lost everything” after the Soviet Union collapsed. He then spent his early professional life writing software for the new Latvian government. He came to believe that blockchains could become the “foundation to build a trusted, transparent and auditable system”.

BitFury的负责人瓦列里·瓦维洛夫（Valery Vavilov）表示，区块链不仅仅只是商机，更会改变政府为公民服务的方式。瓦维洛夫出生于拉脱维亚，在苏联解体后，他见证了父母“失去一切”。他早期曾为新成立的拉脱维亚政府写软件。他认为，块链可能成为“建立一个可信的、透明的和可审计的系统的基础”。

Elsewhere, Sweden is testing a blockchain-based land registry and Dubai wants distributed ledgers to power its entire government by 2020. The most active early adopters, however, have been former Soviet republics. Estonia, recognised as a pioneer in e-government, has long used blockchain-like technologies to secure health records and undergird its shared government database system, X-Road. Being a young country has its advantages. “It can be much easier to build a digital society if there are no legacy systems and you can start from scratch,” says Kaspar Korjus, head of Estonia’s e-residency programme.

在其他地区，瑞典正在测试一个基于区块链的土地登记方式，迪拜希望到2020年，分布式账本能够为整个政府提供支持。然而，最活跃的早期采用者来自前苏联加盟共和国。爱沙尼亚是公认为电子政务先驱，长期以来一直使用类似区块链的技术来保证医疗记录的安全，并建立了共享的政府数据库系统X-Road。作为一个年轻的国家，爱沙尼亚有其优势。爱沙尼亚电子居民计划负责人Kaspar Korjus说：“如果没有之前遗留的系统，您可以从头开始，建立数字社会就会更容易。”

With BitFury’s help, Georgia’s National Agency of Public Registry has recently moved its land registry onto the blockchain. Some 160,000 registrations have already been processed. Thea Tsulukiani, the country’s Minister of Justice, believes that the blockchain will mean Georgian citizens can “sleep quietly” when it comes to property rights. The main barrier to introduction, officials say, has not been technical, but educational. Even Ms Tsulukiani did not know what the blockchain was when her deputies first proposed to use the technology. “We want to move slowly in terms of explaining to society, and quickly in terms of implementation,” she says.

在BitFury的帮助下，格鲁吉亚国家公共注册局最近将其土地登记转移到了区块链上，处理了大约16万个注册申请。该国司法部长Tsulukiani认为，区块链将意味着格鲁吉亚公民在产权方面可以高枕无忧了。有官员称，引进该技术的主要障碍并不是在技术方面，而在于教育方面。即使是Tsulukiani女士，在她的代表首先提出使用这项技术时，她也不知道这个区块链是什么。她说：“我们希望逐渐向社会解释这项技术，在执行方面要尽快。”

BitFury has also signed a memorandum of understanding with the government of Ukraine, which wants to become “one of the world’s leading blockchain nations”. The country’s e-governance agency sees the technology as a way to address “historic distrust of government,” says Aleksey Vyskub, its deputy head. The agency has plans for all kinds of blockchain-based registries, including of land and businesses. As with most reforms in Ukraine, efforts to launch these projects have faced resistance from the entrenched bureaucracy. Yet, explains Mr Vyskub, the technology’s novelty and complexity have provided some cover: “Most officials don’t understand what we’re doing, so they don’t sense the threat.”

BitFury还与乌克兰政府签署了一项谅解备忘录，乌克兰希望成为“世界领先的区块链国家”。该国的电子政务机构副主席阿列克谢·维斯库伯（Aleksey Vyskub）称，该技术是解决“历来对政府的不信任”的一种方式。该机构制定了各种基于区块链的注册计划，包括土地和商业的注册计划。与乌克兰的大多数改革一样，启动这些项目的努力也受到了根深蒂固的官僚主义的抵制。然而，维斯库伯解释称，该技术的新颖性和复杂性提供了一些掩护：“大多数官员不明白我们做的事，没有感觉到威胁。”

每日学单词：

Blockchain：[blɒkt'ʃeɪn]   译：区块链  

区块链：是分布式数据存储、P2P传输、共识机制、加密算法等计算机技术的新型应用模式。所谓共识机制是区块链系统中实现不同节点之间建立信任、获取权益的数学算法

本文来源：Bit2100.com。转载请注明"稿件来源：“Bit2100”。

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